On 23 October 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based FoundationOne CDx test (Foundation Medicine, Inc.) as a companion diagnostic to identify fusions in neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes, NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3, in DNA isolated from tumour tissue specimens from patients with solid tumours eligible for treatment with larotrectinib (VITRAKVI, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.).
Larotrectinib was granted accelerated approval on 26 November 2018, for adult and paediatric patients with solid tumours that have a NTRK gene fusion without a known acquired resistance mutation, that are either metastatic or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity, and who have no satisfactory alternative treatments or whose cancer has progressed following treatment.
Approval of larotrectinib was based on data from three multicentre, open-label, single-arm clinical trials: LOXO-TRK-14001 (NCT02122913), SCOUT (NCT02637687), and NAVIGATE (NCT02576431). Identification of positive NTRK gene fusion status was prospectively determined in local laboratories using NGS, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), and reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. NTRK gene fusions were inferred in three paediatric patients with infantile fibrosarcoma who had a documented ETV6 translocation by FISH. The major efficacy outcome measures were overall response rate and response duration, as determined by a blinded independent review committee according to RECIST v1.1.
The FoundationOne CDx assay (F1CDx) approval as a companion diagnostic for larotrectinib was based on the retrospective testing with F1CDx of available tumour tissue samples from patients enrolled in the three clinical trials that supported the accelerated approval of larotrectinib. Efficacy for larotrectinib was shown to be maintained in patients with confirmed NTRK fusion positive results by the F1CDx. F1CDx is a NGS based in vitro diagnostic device that is capable of detecting several mutations in addition to NTRK gene fusions.
The Summary of Safety and Effectiveness for the FoundationOne® CDx test (P170019/S017) is available here.
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