{"id":26101,"date":"2020-06-19T10:06:15","date_gmt":"2020-06-19T10:06:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org\/?p=17696"},"modified":"2024-11-03T15:16:47","modified_gmt":"2024-11-03T15:16:47","slug":"searching-for-novel-connections-in-cancer-metabolism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ogkologos.com\/en\/searching-for-novel-connections-in-cancer-metabolism\/","title":{"rendered":"Searching for novel connections in cancer metabolism"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"image hero-image\" readability=\"8\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zniup3zx6m0ydqfpv9y6sgtf-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/iknife_hero-hero.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt><\/p>\n<p>The iKnife has been used to hunt for patterns that could reveals clues about metabolism and cancer. <span class=\"image-credit\">Credit: Jeroen Claus (Phospho Biomedical Animation)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Imagine a line of dominoes. When one is lightly tapped and falls, the rest tumble.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The same is true of cancer. When a cell becomes cancerous, important cellular pathways are altered. And like a chain reaction, when one point in a pathway is mutated, the effects can be felt downstream \u2013 just like dominoes.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Some of the pathways that are disrupted in cancer regulate how cells acquire and process energy \u2013 their cellular metabolism.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">But while a lot is known about the errors that disrupt metabolic pathways in cancer, not much has been done to link these mutations to how the cells behave. Until now.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dr George<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">Poulogiannis, who works at The Institute of Cancer Research,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&nbsp;is one of our scientists investigating the relationship between cellular metabolism, cancer and diet as part of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancerresearchuk.org\/funding-for-researchers\/cancer-grand-challenges\/funded-teams-bunch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rosetta Cancer Grand Challenges team<\/a><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">who are creating a <a href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org\/2019\/02\/14\/stitching-together-a-google-earth-for-cancer\/\">\u2018google earth of cancer\u2019<\/a><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Poulogiannis explained that by completing one part of this complex puzzle \u2013 finding novel connections in cancer metabolism \u2013 scientists can open the door to a better understanding of individual cancers and, in turn, pave the road to more tailored treatments.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And for a puzzle this complex, they needed a rather unique tool.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun BCX4 SCXW141785563\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX4 SCXW141785563\">The<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"TextRun BCX4 SCXW141785563\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"SpellingError BCX4 SCXW141785563\">iKnife<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To assess the metabolic changes that occur in cancer cells, the team acquired an ingenious piece of equipment known as the Intelligent Knife (or<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">iKnife<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">).&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">iKnife<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">was invented by Professor Zoltan<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">Takats<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">at Imperial College London, who works with<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">Poulogiannis<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">on the Rosetta team and was a researcher in this latest study.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" type=\"text\/html\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/y5lCyCTMP-k?version=3&amp;rel=1&amp;fs=1&amp;autohide=2&amp;showsearch=0&amp;showinfo=1&amp;iv_load_policy=1&amp;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\">[embedded content]<\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This electrosurgical device \u2013 designed to sniff out cancer during surgery \u2013 has so far been put to the test in <a href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org\/immersive-stories\/the-intelligent-knife-a-potential-game-changer-for-cancer-surgery\/\">breast cancer<\/a>, and is starting to be trialled in <a href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org\/2018\/08\/17\/an-intelligent-knife-can-tell-ovarian-cancer-and-healthy-tissue-apart-could-it-make-surgery-smarter\/\">ovarian cancer<\/a> too.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cA few years ago, a technology was introduced which was based on a very simple idea, to connect the electro surgical device with a mass spectrometer and measure the ionisation profile of the smoke that is being generated,\u201d<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">Poulogiannis<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">explains.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Using this technique, the iKnife can precisely differentiate cancer from non-cancerous tissue in real-time. This means that surgeons know if they\u2019re cutting through healthy tissue or cancer only a few seconds after their first cut.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cWe wanted to explore if using this technology could gather even more detailed information about the biology of the cancer and the key drivers of the disease.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hunting for clues&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Poulogiannis and his team were entering unchartered waters.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The team didn\u2019t know exactly what they were looking for, but they began hunting for patterns that could reveals clues about metabolism and cancer, screening a number of breast cancer cell lines, tumour samples and mouse models.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cWhen we did that, we observed something which at the beginning was quite strange,\u201d says Poulogiannis.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Their analysis revealed that the breast cancer samples could be split up into two distinct groups, based on the presence of particular fats sniffed out by the iKnife. And this split did not correlate with any of the features doctors currently use to group the disease \u2013 like hormone receptor status.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The team investigated further and discovered that the differences in fats could be explained by an error (mutation) in a gene that\u2019s part of an important metabolic pathway, the PIK3CA pathway.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pieces of the puzzle<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One of the fats found at particularly high levels in the samples was arachidonic acid. It\u2019s a fatty acid predominantly found in animal fats in our diet but can also be produced by cancer cells.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Significantly, this same fat plays a major role in the inflammatory response in cancer.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cWe then tried to find what was the mechanism behind it [the stratification of the samples] and we found that some signalling pathways downstream of oncogenic PIK3CA regulate this overproduction of lipids. And the biomarker fatty acid that caught our attention was arachidonic acid, because this serves as the major hub of pro-inflammatory response in cancer. And this is a fatty acid we get both from the diet,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">and also<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">PIK3CA mutant cancer cells have a unique ability to increase its production<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Using the iKnife, the team had slowly started to gather together the pieces from various studies and line them up like dominoes, making connections that hadn\u2019t been there before.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The team found that drugs that interfered with the PIK3CA pathway were far more effective at slowing tumour growth in mice with breast tumours when the mice were also fed a diet<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">without<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">fatty acids.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Poulogiannis explains how scientists had known for a while that the error in the PIK3CA pathway acted as a marker for a lack of response to certain inhibitors, \u201cbut no one quite understood why\u201d. Now, with the help of the iKnife, this research has revealed that this lack of response could be because of the overproduction of arachidonic acid.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span data-contrast=\"none\">The complete picture<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As the dominoes fell one by one, Poulogiannis and his team followed the clues along the PIK3CA pathway to draw connections between diet, metabolism and cancer, \u201cI think this is one of the first few studies, or maybe even the first, that shows a dietary fat restriction plays a major role in therapy response.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It\u2019s been a project filled with unexpected twists and turns, but Poulogiannis is happy with where they\u2019ve ended up \u2013 uncovering new features of breast cancer biology and a new and exciting use for the iKnife.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Although it\u2019s early days, Poulogiannis is excited by the potential of these techniques to change the way we look for novel connections in cancer metabolism, and guide how we treat cancer in the future, which was a key part of the Rosetta project.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" type=\"text\/html\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fPP8OiO1ZGE?version=3&amp;rel=1&amp;fs=1&amp;autohide=2&amp;showsearch=0&amp;showinfo=1&amp;iv_load_policy=1&amp;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\">[embedded content]<\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Rosetta Cancer Grand Challenges team, led by Professor Josephine Bunch, are continuing to map different tumours in unprecedented detail, in order to develop new ways to diagnose and treat the disease.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cIn this study we really managed to capture how metabolic phenotyping, using high-throughput technology, can really help us explain the biology and ultimately identify a novel metabolic vulnerability, a new way to target these tumours which was the whole, I think one of the major goals of this Grand Challenge.\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Lilly<\/em><\/p>\n<p><h3 class=\"panel-title\">More on this topic<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"http:\/\/feedproxy.google.com\/~r\/cancerresearchuk\/SHhE\/~3\/swRIJsd_No0\/\">Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The iKnife has been used to hunt for patterns that could reveals clues about metabolism and cancer. Credit: Jeroen Claus (Phospho Biomedical Animation) Imagine a line of dominoes. When one is lightly tapped and falls, the rest tumble.&nbsp;&nbsp; The same is true of cancer. When a cell becomes cancerous, important cellular pathways are altered. And [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5137],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-world-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ogkologos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ogkologos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ogkologos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ogkologos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ogkologos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26101"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ogkologos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44271,"href":"https:\/\/ogkologos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26101\/revisions\/44271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ogkologos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ogkologos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ogkologos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}